Her primary research focuses on maritime security in the Indo-Pacific and the role of islands in shaping great power competition. Baruah is a fellow with the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace where she directs the Indian Ocean Initiative. It unpacks how these players impact the region’s geopolitical environment and maritime security.ĭarshana M. This section examines the traditional and emerging players in the Indian Ocean region, particularly their military, diplomatic, and economic engagements. The fourth section assesses how regional organizations and multilateral partnerships enforce maritime laws and craft protocols.Įxplore the map The Key Players in the Indian Ocean Region The third section reviews the region’s economics, trade patterns, and oil flows. The second section examines the evolving security situation, including sovereignty disputes, climate impacts, illegal fishing, search and rescue zones, and choke points. The first section summarizes the key players, both traditional and emerging, in the region. This paper complements the map, further analyzing the areas of interest and contextualizing them within the current geopolitical environment. The first of its kind, it shows how the Indian Ocean’s economic, political, military, and geographic features interact to create a single geopolitical arena. 2 Developed by Carnegie’s Indian Ocean Initiative, the map provides a coherent, continuous, and data-driven understanding of the players, security challenges, and other factors that shape the region (see figure 1). The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s Indian Ocean Strategic Map does just that. But to understand the true importance and strategic advantages of the region, it must be viewed as one continuous theater. Given the region’s importance, many countries around the world work with regional partners to maintain open access to the Indian Ocean’s critical waterways and natural resources.įor decades, the Indian Ocean region has been erroneously studied through the continental divisions of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. 1 Stretching from Africa’s eastern coast to Australia’s western coast, the region is home to thirty-three nations and 2.9 billion people. Today, it remains critical to the security and stability of shipping lanes and trade routes, accounting for over one-third of the world’s bulk cargo traffic and two-thirds of the world’s oil shipments and ensuring global access to food, precious metals, and energy resources. Western countries call that an attempt to use leverage over food supplies to force a weakening in financial sanctions, which already allow Russia to sell food.The Indian Ocean region has been an important trade arena for centuries. Russia says it could return to the grain deal, but only if its demands are met for rules to be eased for its own exports of food and fertiliser. The two countries are among the world's top grain exporters. and Turkey in July last year to combat a global food crisis worsened by Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. The Black Sea deal was brokered by the U.N. The United Nations has said there were a "number of ideas being floated" to help get Ukrainian grain and Russian grain and fertilizer to global markets. In Washington, the Pentagon announced additional security assistance for Ukraine, totalling about $1.3 billion, with the package including air defence capabilities and munitions. Ukrainian forces launched a counteroffensive last month to try to drive Russian forces out of its south and east, where they have dug in along a heavily-fortified front line after failing to capture Kyiv in the early days of the invasion. Staryi Krym is a small town in Crimea's Kirovske district. Odesa's military administration spokesman Bratchuk posted two videos of a fire in an uninhabited area, saying, "Enemy ammunition depot. Telegram channels linked to Russian security services and Ukrainian media said an ammunition depot was on fire at the base after a Ukrainian overnight air attack. In Crimea a fire at a military training ground in the Kirovske district forced the evacuation of more than 2,000 people from four settlements, said Russian-installed Crimea governor Sergei Aksyonov, who did not give a reason for the blaze. The Odesa region's three ports were the only ones operating in Ukraine during the war under the UN-brokered Black Sea Grain Initiative that allowed Ukrainian grain exports through a Russian blockade of Ukraine's ports. Ukraine's southern military command said Russia had used supersonic missiles, including the Kh-22 that was designed to take out aircraft carriers, to hit Odesa's port infrastructure. The attack was "very powerful, truly massive," Serhiy Bratchuk, spokesperson for the Odesa military administration, said in a voice message on his Telegram channel on Wednesday.
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